Dictionary MAIN PAGE Text & Grap

My DATA

Here is a collection of the DATA I use when addressing forest health issues as well as issues specific to trees in urban environments. I have these scanned and in PDF if useful to the cause. The cause "addressing forest health issues with sound data to better help the trees as well as their associates. With humans on the inside and not on the outside looking in. Sure humans require products. Our Forefather Ben Franklin had part of the solution "grow hemp". George Washington and Thomas Jefferson both grew hemp. Ben Franklin owned a mill that made hemp paper. Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence on hemp paper. George Washington's (Our) first Flag was made of hemp.

FOR STARTERS, THESE ARE MY REF in which I have in PDF that I can send to you.

"Shigo, A. L. 104 pages, hardcover 9 x 12 inches, 1994 1994 TREE ANATOMY Shigo and Trees, Associates

"Shigo, A. L. Above Ground TREE ANATOMY SLIDE PACKAGES Shigo and Trees, Associates

"Shigo, A. L. Below Ground TREE ANATOMY SLIDE PACKAGES Shigo and Trees, Associates

"Shigo, A. L. video A CLOSER LOOK AT TREES (video) Shigo and Trees, Associates

"Shigo, A. L. video Alex Shigo-Tree Toucher; Sustainable Forests followed by Modern John Muir Phillips

32 pages PRUNING TREES NEAR ELECTRIC UTILITY LINES Shigo and Trees, Associates

8 page booklet 5 MINUTE TREE CARE Shigo and Trees, Associates

A 10 panel fold-out brochure TREE HAZARDS Shigo and Trees, Associates

A 12 panel fold-out brochure. CARING FOR YOUNG TREES FROM NURSERIES TO LANDSCAPES Shigo and Trees, Associates

Amaranthus M. - J.M. Trappe - L. Bednar 1994 Hypogeous fungal production in mature Douglas-fir forest fragments and surrounding plantations and its relation to coarse woody debris and animal mycophagy. Canadian Journal of Botany 24:2157-2165

Bjorkbom, John C. and Rodney G. Larson 1977 The Tionesta Scenic and Research Natural Areas Forest Service General Technical Report NE-31 24 pages

Bourne, J. The Organic Revolution Audubon March April 1999; pg. 65-69

Bourne, J. Bugging Out Audubon March April 1999; pg. 71-73

Brinton, W. F. Living Compost, Living Carbon Biodynamics Farming for the Future; 215; Jan/Feb 1998;pg 1-3

Butts, Sally R. and William C. McComb Associations of Forest Floors Vertabrates with Coarse Woody Debris in Managed Forests of Western Oregon Journal of Wildlife Management 64(1):95-104

Chris Maser, Robert F. Tarrant, James M. Trappe, and Jerry F. Franklin 1988 From the Forest to the Sea: A Story of Fallen Trees USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-GTR-229

Deyrup, Mark Amidon The insect community of dead and dying Douglas-fir. 1: The Hymenoptera Ecosyst. Anal. Stud. Bull. 6. Seattle, WA: University of Washington, Coniferous Forest Biome 104 p

Deyrup, Mark Amidon 1776 The insect community of dead and dying Douglas-fir: Diptera, Coleoptera, and Neuroptera. Seattle, WA: University of Washington 540 p Ph.D. dissertion

Dolloff, Andrew and Jackson R. Webster [In: Verry, E. S., Hornbeck, J. W., James W.; Dolloff, C., Andrew, C, eds.] 2000 (Chapter 7) Particulate Organic Contributions from Forests to Streams: Debris isn't So Bad [In: Riparian management in forests of the continental Eastern United States.] Boca Raton, Fl: Lewis Publishers, CRC Press LLC 125-138

Franklin, J. F., H. H. Shugart and M. E. Harmon 1987 Tree Death as an Ecological Process (The causes, consequences, and variability of tree mortality.) BioScience Vol. 37 No.8; 1987; Pg 550-556

Frelich, L.E., M.W. Cornett, and M.A. White 2005 Controls and reference conditions in forestry: the role of old-growth and retrospective studies. Journal of Forestry 103 339-344

Graham, Harvey, Jurgensen, Jain, Tonn and Page-Dumroese Managing Coarse Woody Debris in Forest of the Rocky Mountains USDA Research Paper INT-RP-477, Sept 1994 13 pages

Harmon et al 1986 Ecology of Coarse Woody Debris in Temperate Ecosystems. Advances in Ecological Research (15) 133-301

Harmon M.E.- J. Sexton- B.A. Caldwell and S.E. Carpenter 1994 Fungal sporocarp mediated losses of Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, P, and Zn from conifer logs in the early stages of decomposition. Can. J. For. Res. 24:1883-1893

Harmon, M., W. K. Ferrell and J. F. Franklin Feb 1990 Effects of Carbon Storage of Conversion of Old-Growth Forest to Young Forest Science Vol. 247, Feb 1990; pg 699-700

Harmon, M.E.and C. Hua Oct 1991 Coarse Woody Debris Dynamics in Two Old-Growth Ecosystems Bioscience Vol. 41 No. 9 (October1991)

Harris, R. W. ARBORICULTURE 2nd Addition

Harvey A.E. - M.J. Larsen - and M.F. Jurgensen 1976 Distribution of ectomycorrhizae in a mature Douglas-fir/larch forest soil in western Montana. Forest Science 22:393-398

Harvey, A. E., R. T. Meurisse, J. M. Geist, M. F. Jurgensen, G. I. McDonald, R. T. Graham and N. Stark Managing Productivity Processes in the Inland Northwest-Mixed Conifers and Pines. Chapter 9; pg164-184

Harvey, A.E., M.F. Jurgensen, and M.J. Larsen. 1981 Organic reserves: importance to ectomycorrhizae in forest soils of western Montana. Forest Science 27:442-445

Hepting, George, H. 1971 Disease of Forest and Shade Trees of The United States US. Dept. Agric. Forest Service Handbook Number 386 658 pages

Hornbeck, J.W. 1992 Comparative impacts of forest harvest and acid precipitation on soil and streamwater acidity Environmental Pollution 77: 151-155

Hornbeck, J.W., Smith, Q.W., Martin, Q.W., Tritton, L.M. and Pierce, R.S., 1990 Effects of Intensive Harvesting on Nutrient Capitals of Three Forest Types in New England Forest Ecology and Management 30: 55-64

HORST LYR AND GUNTER HOFFMANN 1967 Growth Rates and Growth Periodicity of Tree Roots International Review of FORESTRY RESEARCH vol 2 181-236

Jennifer M. Menzel, W. Mark Ford, John W. Edwards, Leah J. Ceperley 2006 A Habitat Model for the Virginia Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus) in the Central Appalachian Mountains USFS NE-Research Paper NE-729 14 pg

Jerry Franklin, Cromack, Jr., Kermit, eT others Feb. 1981 Ecological Characteristics of Old-Growth Douglas-Fir Forests USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-118 50 Pages

Keslick, J. 1998 (Feb) Art in Arboriculture Tree Care Industry (TCI); Vol IX, Number2 -; pg 40;

Keslick, J. 1995 April Looking at the Environment Arbor Age; Vol. 15 no. 4; April 1995; pg 41 and 45

Keslick, J. 1999 Feb Stump Sprouts Garden Gate Issue no. 25; Feb 1999; pg 5

Kropp, B.R. 1982 Rotten wood as mycorrhizal inoculum for containerized western hemlock. Canadian Journal of Forest Research.. 12:428-431

Kruys, N. and B.G. Jonsson 1999 Fine woody debris is important for species richness on logs in managed boreal spruce forests of northern Sweden Can. J. For. Res. 29:1295-1299

Lemly*, Dennis A. and Robert H. Hilderbrand! 2000 Influence of large woody debris on stream insect communities and benthic detritus Hydrobiologia 421: 179-185

Lisle, Thomas E. 1995 July Effects of coarse woody debris and its removal on a channel affected by the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH Vol. 31 NO 7. Pages 1797-1808

Madia, W. J. A Call for More Science in EPA Regulations Science Vol. 282 ; Oct 2nd 1998 pg. 45

Maser, C.; Anderson, R.G.; Cromack, K., Jr. [and others]. 1979 Dead and down woody material. In: Thomas, J.W., tech. ed. Wildlife habitats in managed forests: the Blue Mountains of Oregon and Washington. Agric. Handb. 553. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture: In cooperation with: Wildlife, Bureau of Land Management. p 78-95

Maser, Chris and James M. Trappe 1984 The Seen and Unseen World of the Fallen Tree USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-164 PNW-164

Mattheck, C. Design in Nature, Learning From Trees Springer, 1998, XIII, 275 pgs

Mattheck, C. and H. Breloer The Body Language of trees, A Handbbok for failure analysis. Deparpment of the Environment

Mattheck, Claus and Hans Kubler Wood - The INternal Optimization of Trees Springer Series in Wood Science.

Morin, Randall S.; Liebhold, Andrew M; Gottschalk, K.W.; Woodall, Chris W.; Twardus, Daniel B.; White, Robert L.; Horsley, Stephen B.; Ristau, Todd E. 2006 Analysis of forest health monitoring surveys on the Allegheny National Forest (1998-2001) Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-339. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. 102 p.

Morrison, N. Urban Tree Care in Europe and United States TCI Feb 2000

Page-Dumroese, Harvey, Jurgensen and Graham 1991 Organic Matter Function In The Western-Montane Forest Soil System UDSA Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-280 Intermountain Research Station: 95-100

Read, D. 1997 The ties that bind. Nature:Vol 388:7 ;pg 517-518

Robert L. Edmonds and James L. Marra 1999 Decomposition of Woody Material: Nutrient Dynamics, Invertebrate/ Fungi Relationships and Management in Northwest Forest. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-GTR-461 June 68-78

RTI The Impact of Riparian Forest Management on Large Woody Debris (LWD) Recruitment Potential RTI located at http://www.ruraltech.org/pubs/fact_sheets/fs009/index.asp (fact sheet #9)

Saul, S. L. Eco-Schools (package)

Shigo, A. L. 1996 A Professional Understands Dose Tree Care Industry Volume 7, Number 3

Shigo, A. L. A Touch of Chemistry Tree Care Industry Volume VII, Number 11-November 1996

Shigo, A. L. HOW TREES SURVIVE Tree Care Industry Volume VII, Number 2-Febuary 1996

Shigo, A. L. Tree Autopsy Reading the Tree's Log Tree Care Industry Volume VII, Number 6 -June 1996

Shigo, A. L. Troubles in the Rhizosphere Tree Care Industry Volume VII, Number 10 -October 1996

Shigo, A. L. 35431 Arboriculture in the 21st Century Tree Care Industry Volume VIII, Number 1

Shigo, A. L. TREE BASICS Shigo and Trees, Associates

Shigo, A. L. 1986 A NEW TREE BIOLOGY Shigo and Trees, Associates

Shigo, A. L. 1986 A NEW TREE BIOLOGY DICTIONARY Shigo and Trees, Associates

Shigo, A. L. 1989 TREE PRUNING (worldwide photo guide) Shigo and Trees, Associates

Shigo, A. L. 1989 TREE PRUNING SLIDE PACKAGE Shigo and Trees, Associates

Shigo, A. L. 1991 MODERN ARBORICULTURE Shigo and Trees, Associates

Shigo, A. L. MODERN ARBORICULTURE Shigo and Trees, Associates

Shigo, A. L. 1993 100 TREE MYTHS Shigo and Trees, Associates

Shigo, A. L. Wounded Trees Mar Our Environment USFS NE-INF-17-73 13 Pages

Shigo, A. L. 36678 Tree Education and Philosophy

Shigo, A. L. A New Tree Biology Comes of Age Tree Care Industry Volume XI Number 1-January 2000 of TCI

Shigo, A. L. The Science of Tree Cultivation and the Science Behind the Treatments Tree Care Industry Volume XI Number 1-January 2000 of TCI

Shigo, A. L. Armillaria Root Rots, Predisposition and Poor Sorauer Tree Care Industry Volume XI, Number 11-November 2000 of TCI.

Shigo, A. L. Water and Trees Tree Care Industry Volume XII, Number 2-February 2001 of TCI.

Shigo, A. L. Canker Rots and the Heart Rot Myth Tree Care Industry Volume X11, Number 8- August 2001 of TCI.

Shigo, A. L. California Oak Problem Tree Care Industry Volume XII, Number 4-April 2001 of TCI.

Shigo, A. L. Tree Chemicals that Kill or Cure Tree Care Industry Volume XII, Number 6-June 2001 of TCI.

Shigo, A. L. Trees and Associates in Winter Tree Care Industry Volume XIII, Number 12-December 2002 of TCI.

Shigo, A. L. What Arborist Need to Know About Lichens Tree Care Industry Volume XIV, Number 12-December 2003 of TCI.

Shigo, A. L. Comics - 1

Shigo, A. L. 1999 TREE PITHY POINTS Shigo and Trees, Associates

Shigo, A. L. 1989

Shigo, A. L. 1999 TREE PITHY POINTS SHIGO AND TREES, ASSOCIATES

Shigo, Alex L. Ph.D 2002 TREES, ASSOCIATES and SHIGO SHIGO AND TREES, ASSOCIATES, Durham NH - USA 2 CD's 5000 Items

Simard, S.W., D. A. Perry, M. D. Jones, D. D. Myrolds, D. M. Durall and R. Molina 1997 Net transfer or carbon between ectomycorrhizal tree species in the field. Nature:Vol 388:7;pg 597-882

Smith, K.T., and W.D. Ostrofsky 1993 Cambial and internal electrical resistance of red spruce trees in eight diverse stands in the northeastern United States Can. J. For. Res. Vol. 23, 1993 322-326

Smith, K.T., Blachard, R.O., and W.C. Shortle 1984 Cambial electrical resistance related to the number of vascular cambial cells in balsam fir Can. J. For. Res. Vol. 14, 1984 950-952

Smith, Kevin T. 2007 Plants' essential chemical elements American Nurseryman. 206: 10-11.

Smith, Kevin T. 2005 “Tree Biology and Problem Trees” Arborist News 14 (2): 24-26

Smith, Kevin T. February 2008 Disposable Landscapes The Landsculptor 57-58

Smith, Kevin T. January. 33-36 Keeping trees as assets The Landsculptor. January. 33-36.

Smith, Kevin T. 2009 Greenhouse warming and landscape care Ecological Landscaper. 15(4): 6-7.

Smith, Kevin T. 2009 Connections in wood and foliage American Nurseryman. 3: 12, 14

Spetich, Martin A., Stephen R. Shifley and George R. Parker May 1999 Regional Distribution and Dynamics of Coarse Woody Debris in Midwestern Old-Growth Forests Forest Science, Vol. 45, No.2 (Reproduction)

Stewart, Doug 1998 (Feb / March) Prosimians National Wildlife pg 30-35

Stone, Oscar HERBICIDES

The American Entomological Society. The American Entomological Society The American Entomological Society

Tubbs, Carl H.; DeGraaf, Richard M.; Yamasaki, Mariko; Healy, William M. 1987 Guide to wildlife tree management in New England northern hardwoods Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-118. Broomall, PA: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station 30 pages

Tyler G. 1992 Tree species affinity of decomposer and ectomycorrhizal macrofungi in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) oak (Quercus robur L.) and hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) forests. Forest Ecology and Management 47:269-284

USFS

Verry, E. S., Hornbeck, J. W., James W.; Dolloff, C., Andrew, C, eds. 2000 Riparian management in forests of the continental Eastern United States Boca Raton, Fl: Lewis Publishers, CRC Press LLC

Voller, Joan and Scott Harrison 1998 Conservation Biology Principles for Forested Landscapes UBC Press 243 pages

Wargo, P.M. and H. R. Skutt Resistance to Pulsed Electric Current: an Indicator of Stress in Forest Trees Can. J. For.Res. Vol. 5, 1975 pg 557-561

Warren, S. Nitrogen Fertilizer and Beyond Arbor Age; Vol. 15 no. 4; April 1995; pg 10-12

Wheeler, D. B. Mycorrhizae, Voles, Owls, Trees and Man http://www.chesco.com/~treeman/wheeler1.html

Wheeler, D. B. Nurse Logs, Voles, and Hemlock Regeneration http://www.chesco.com/~treeman/wheeler2.html

Wildfeuer, S. Stella*Natura Working with Cosmic Rythms; Stella* Natura 1998; 40 pg

Wilkinson, T. When It Comes to Taking Care of Yellowstone, Mother Nature Knows Best. National Wildlife; Aug/Sept 1998 pg 18-19

Woodier, Oliwen 1998 (Dec /Januray) Turning Deadwood into Lively Homes for Wildlife National Wildlife pg 14-15

Woodier, Olwen 1998 (Feb / March) How to Protect our Imperiled Pollinators National Wildlife pg 38-41

Woodier, Olwen 1998 (Feb / March) What You Can Do About the Pollination Crisis National Wildlife pg 42-45

1998 (Dec /Januray) Underground trade National Wildlife pg 10

1998 (Dec /Januray) Crazy Over Squirrels National Wildlife pg 40-45

Secretes of The Soil, The Book

THESE ARE REF I HAVE in PDF I can send you a copy. They are listed in Shigo books.

Shigo, A. L., W. M. Colins and McGrail RSV-Induced Tumors in Chickens: Resistance to Pulsed Current in Terminal and Non-Terminal Types Poultry Science 57: 1478-1481; 1978

A.L. Shigo et al. 1979 Internal defects associated with pruned and nonpruned branch stubs in black walnut. US Forest Service Research Paper NE-440

Adaskaveg, James, E.; Ogawa, Joseph M. Wood Decay Pathology of Fruit and Nut Trees in California Plant Disease 74: 341-352; 1990

Alex L. Shigo 1973 A tree hurts, too USDA For. Serv. NE-Inf. 16 28pages

Alex L. Shigo, Nelson F. Rogers, E. Allen McGinnes Jr., and David T. Funk Black Walnut on Kansas Strip Mine Spoils: Some Observations 25 Years after Pruning Res. Pap. NE-393. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 14p

Anderson, J.L.; Campana, R.J.; Shigo, A.L.; Shortle, W.C. Wound Response of Ulmus Americana I: Results of Chemical Injection in Attempts to Control Dutch Elm Disease Journal of Arboriculture 11 (5): May 1985 pg. 137-142

Armstrong, J.E.; Shigo, A.L.; Funk, D.T.; McGinnes, Jr., E.A.; Smith, D.E. A MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF COMPARTMENTALIZATION AND WOUND CLOSURE AFTER MECHANICAL WOUNDING OF BLACK WALNUT TREES Wood And Fiber, Oct, 1981; V.13(4);pg 275-291

Barger, Jack H.; Cannon, William N. Jr. Response of smaller European elm bark beetles to primary wounds on American elm. Journal of Arboriculture 13 (4): April 1987 pg. 102-104

Bauch, J; Shigo, A.L. Wound Effects in the Xylem of Acer and Betula Species) Holzforschung 34: 153-160; 153-160; 1980

Bier, J.E. The Relation of some bark factors to canker susceptibility. Phytopathology 54: 250-278; 1964

Biggs, A, R. Effects of Pruning Technique on Leucostoma Infection and Callus Formation over Wounds in Peach Trees. Plant Disease / Sept 1989 Vol. 73 No. 9 pg. 771-773

Biggs, A.R.; Davis, D.D.;Merrill, W. Discussion: Response of bark tissues to injury and infection Can.J.For.Res. Vol14, 1984 ; pg 351-356

Bondietti, E.A.; Momoshima, N.; Shortle, W.C.; Smith, K.T. A historical perspective on divalent cation trends in red spruce steamwood and the hypothetical relationship to acidic deposition Can. J. For. Res. 20: 1850 - 1858; 1990

Bowden, Richard D.; Geballe, Gordon T.; Bowden, William B. Foliar uptake of 15 N from simulated cloud water by red spruce ( Picea rubens) seedlings Can. J. For. Res. 19: 382 - 386

Broschat; Donselman Causes of Palm Nutritional Disorders Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 98: 100111-10222. 1985

Butin, Heinz; Shigo, Alex L. Radial Shakes and "Frost Cracks" in Living Oak Trees US Forest Service Paper NE - 478; 1981

Chalmers, D.J.; Ende, V.D. Productivity of Peach Trees: Factors Affecting Dry-weight Distribution During Tree Growth. Ann.Bot. 39, 423-432, 1975

Davis, Weston; Shigo, A. L.; Weyrick, Richard Seasonal Changes in Electrical Resistance of Inner Bark in Red Oak, Red Maple, and Eastern White Pine. Forest Science; Vol 25; no.2, 1979; pg 282-286

Davis, Weston; Shortle, Walter; Shigo, Alex Potential hazard rating system for fir stands infested with budworm using cambial electrical resistance Can. J. For. Res. Vol. 10,1980; 541-544

DE VRIES, PENNING F. W. T. The Cost of Maintenance Processes in Plant Cells Ann. Bot. 39, 77-92, 1975; pg 77-92

DeGraaf, M.; Shigo, A. L. 1985 Managing Cavity Trees for Wildlife in the Northeast US Forest Ser. Gen. Rep. NE-101; 1985

Dilley, Marc; Covey, Jr., Ronald Survey of Wood Decay and Associated Hymenomycetes in Central Washington Apple Orchards. Plant Disease / Vol. 64 No. 6 p, 560-561; 1980

Dilley, Marc; Covey, Jr., Ronald Association of Coriolus ceriscolor with a Dieback Disease of Apple Trees in Washington State Plant Disease / Vol. 65 No. 1; Jan. 1981; pg. 77-78

Eckstein, D.; Liese, W.; Shigo, A.L. Relationship of wood structure to compartmentalization of discolored wood in hybrid poplar. Can.J.For.Res. 9: 205-210; 1979

Eckstein, Dieter; Liese, Walter; Shigo, A. L. Relationship of wood structure to compartmentalization of discolored wood in hybrid poplar Can. J. For. Res. Vol 9. 1979; pg 210

Enebak, S.A.; Blanchette, R. A. Canker formation and decay in sugar maple and paper birch infected by Cerrena unicolor Can.J.For.Res. 19: 225-231; 1988

Fenn, M. E., Dunn, P. H., and Wilborn, R. Black Stain Root Disease in Ozone - Stressed Ponderosa Pine Plant Disease / Vol. 74 No. 6

Foster, R.C. Ann. Rev. Phytopathology; 1986; 24:211-34

Foster, R.C. The Ultrastructure of The Rhizoplane and Rhizosphere Ann. Rev. Phytopath; 1986. 24:211-234

Gagnon, R.R.; Bauce, E.; Pineau, M. Relationship between air water potential and cambial electrical resistance of balsam fir and white spruce after budbreak. Can.J.For.Res.; 17:105-108; 1986

Garrett, P. W.; Randall, W. K.; Shigo, A. L.; Shortle, W. C. Inheritance of Compartmentalization of Wounds in Sweetgum (Liquidamber styraciflua L.) and Eastern Cottonwood (Populous deltoides Bartr.) For. Ser. Res. Pap.. N.E. -433, 4pg.

Green, Derek J.; Shortle, Walter C.; Shigo, Alex L. Compartmentalization of Discolored and Decayed Wood in Red Maple Branch Stubs Forest Sci. Vol. 27, No. 3, 1981, pg. 519-522

Hardwick, R. C. The Nitrogen Content of Plants and the Self-thinning Rule of Plant Ecology: A Test of the Core-skin Hypothesis Annals of Bot. 60, pg 439-446; 1987

Harlan, J.R. Disease As A Factor In Plant Evolution Ann. Rev. Phytopathology 14: 31-57; 1976

Hart, J.H. Morpholigical and Chemical Differences Between Sapwood, Discolored Sapwood, And Heartwood in Black Locust And Osage Orange. For. Sci. 14: 334-338; 1968

Hawkesworth, F. and A.L. Shigo Dwarf Mistletoe on Red Spruce in the White Mountains of New Hampshire Plant Disease Reporter; 64: 880-882; 1980

Herman John Heikkenen Southern Pine Beetle: A Hypothesis Journal of Forestry; July 1977; 75: 412-413

Houston, D.R. 1979 Understanding the game of the environment. US Dept. Agric. Info. Bull. 426, 174 Pages

Hoyle, Merrill C. Response of Yellow Birch (Betula Alleghaniensis Britton) in Acid Subsoil to Micronutrient Additions Plant and Soil 51 ; 453-455 (1979)

Hutchinson, R. A. A tree hugger stirs villagers in India to save their forest. Smithsonian, Feb; 184-193; 1988

J. P. STANKEWIC, B. J. COSENZA AND A. L. SHIGO Clostridiurn quercicolum sp.n., isolated from discolored tissues in living oak trees Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 37 (1971) 299-302

James R. Clark; Nelda Matheny; Joe McNeil DEVELOPING A SPECIES PROFILE Journal Of Arboriculture; May 1990 Vol., 16, No 5 ;pg101-107

Joanna T. Tippett Shedding of ephemeral roots in gymnosperms. Can. J. Bot. Vol. 60, 1982; pg 2295-2302

Kienast, Felix; Schweingruber, F.H.; Braker, O. U.; Schar, E. Tree-ring studies on conifers along ecological gradients and potential of single-year analyses Can. J. F. Res. 17: 683-696; 1987

Leben, Curt; Shigo, Alex L.; Hall, T.J. A method for evaluating tree wound treatment materials Can. J. For. Res. Vol. 12, 1982; 115-117

ltman, Jack; Campbell, C. Lee EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON PLANT DISEASES Ann. Rev. Phytopath. 1977; 15: 361-85

Madar, Z.; Kimchi, M. Effects of Water Stress in Cypress on the Development of Cankers Caused by Diplodia pinea f. sp. cupresi and Seridium cardinale Plant Disease; 73 ; 484-486; 1989

Marchand, Peter J. Dendrochronology of a fir wave Can. J.For.Res. 14: 51-56; 1983

Margolis, H. A. and Warning, R. H. Carbon and nitrogen allocation patterns of Douglas - fir seedlings fertilized with nitrogen in autumn. I. Overwinter metabolism Can.J.For.Res.; 16: pg 897-902; 1986

Margolis, H. A. and Warning, R. H. Carbon and nitrogen allocation patterns of Douglas - fir seedlings fertilized with nitrogen in autumn. II. Field performance. Can.J.For.Res.; 16: pg 903-909; 1986

Marshall, K.C. Marshall. Clay Mineralogy In Relation To Survival of Soil Bacteria Ann. Rev. Phytopathology; 13: 357-373; 1975

Merrill, W. and A. L. Shigo. An expanded concept of tree decay Phytopathology 69. 1158-1161;1979

Miller - Jones, D.N.., D.R. The Use of Electrical Resistance Measurements to Detect Watermark Disease of Cricket Bat Willow. Plant Disease Reporter 61: 268-272; 1977

Milon F. George; Michael J. Burke Cold Hardiness and Deep Supercooling in Xylem of Shagbark Hickory Plant Physiol. (1977) 59, 319-325

Mulhern, J.; Shortle, W. ; Shigo, A. Barrier Zone in Red Maple: an Optical and Scanning Microscope Examination. Forest Science; Vol. 25, No. 2, 1979; pg311-316

Ossenbruggen, H.S. TREE ENERGY SYSTEMS J. Arbor; March 1989, Vol 15, No.3 ;53-58

owens, C. W.; Shortle, W. C.; Shigo, A. L. Preliminary Evuation of Silicon Tetrachloride As a Wood Preservative Holzforschung 34 (1980) 223-225

Perry, Thomas O. Dormancy of Trees in Winter Science 171: 29-36; 1982

Persson, Hans FINE-ROOT PRODUCTION, MORTALITY AND DECOMPOSITION IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS*.** Vegetatio vol. 41, 2: 101-109,1979

Persson, Hans Fine-Root Production, Mortality and Decomposition in Forest ecosystems Vegetatio vol., 41, 2: 101-109, 1979

Peters, Mark, Ossenbruggen, Paul; Shigo, Alex Cracking and Failure Behavior Models of Defective Balsam Fir Trees Holzforschung 39 (1985) 125-135

Puritch, G.S. Effect of Water Stress on Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Transpiration of Four Abies Species Can.J.For.Res.; 3, 293-298 (1973)

Reganold, John P.; Papendick, Robert I.; Parr, James F. Sustainable Agriculture Scientific American; June 1990; pg. 112 - 120

Regner, K. M.; Johnson, D. A.; Gross, D. C. Etiology of Canker and Dieback of Sweet Cherry Trees in Washington State Plant Disease / Vol. 74 No 6 pg. 430-433

Robbins, K How to Recognize and Reduce Tree Hazards in Recreation Sites. USDA Forest service, NA-FR-31:28p 1986

Santamour, Frank S. Jr. Seasonal Variation in Cambial Electrical Resistance in Juvenile Green Ash from Different Provenances Journal of Arbor. 8: 100-103; 1982

Schoeneweiss, D.F. Predisposition, Stress, and Plant Disease Ann. Rev. Phytopathology; 13: 193-211 (1975)

Schulze, E. D. Air Pollution and Forest Decline in a Spruce (Picea abies) Forest Science, Vol. 244, pg 776-783; 1989

Shain, L. The Response of Sapwood of Norway Spruce to Infection by Fomes annosus Phytopathology 61: 301-307; 1971

Shain, L. Dynamic Responses of Differentiated Sapwood to Injury and Infection Phytopathology, Vol 69, No.10, 1979; 1143-1147

Shain, L.; Miller, J. Ethylene Production by Excised Sapwood of Clonal Eastern Cottonwood and Compartmentalization and Closure of Seasonal Wounds Phytopathology Vol 78, No.10 1988; 1261-1265

Shain, Louis Resistance of Sapwood in Stems of Loblolly Pine Infection by Fomes annosus Phytopathogy 57; 1034 - 1045 ; 1967

Sharon, E. Michael Tree Failures, Risk and reasonableness. A commonsense approach. Arboricultural Journal 13: 193-209; 1989

Shigo Alex L.; Kilham Lawrence 1968 Sapsuckers and Fomes igniarius var. populinus Res. Pap. NE-84. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 2 p. RN-NE-84

Shigo, A. L and C. L. Wilson Are Tree Wound Dressing Beneficial? Arborists News; Vol 36, No. 8 August, 1971; 85-88

Shigo, A. L, Sharon and M. Edward Mapping Columns of Discolored and Decayed Tissues in Sugar Maple, Acer saccharum Phytopatholgy 60: 232-237; 1970

Shigo, A. L. Observations on the succession of fungi on hardwood pulpwood bolts. Plant Disease Reporter; vol. 46, No. 5; pg. 379-380; 1962

Shigo, A. L. 1962 Another scale insect on beech Station Paper NE-168. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 13 p. SP-NE-168

Shigo, A. L. 1963 Ring shake associated with Sapsucker injury Station Paper NE-8. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 13 p. RP-NE-008

Shigo, A. L. Organism Interaction in Beech Bark Disease Phytopathology 54: 263-269; 1964

Shigo, A. L. Collar crack of birch. USDA For. Serv. Res. Note. NE For. Expt. Stn. 4 p. RN-NE-22

Shigo, A. L. A Canker on Maple Caused by Fungi Infecting Wounds made by the Red Squirrel Plant Disease Reporter; 48: 794-796; 1964

Shigo, A. L. The Pattern of Decay and Discolorations in Northern Hardwoods Phytopathology; 55: 648-652; 1965;

Shigo, A. L. Decay and Discoloration in Sprout Red Maple Phytopathology; 55: 957-962; 1965;

Shigo, A. L. 1965 Patterns of defects associated with stem stubs of northern hardwoods. Research Note NE-34. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 1-4 RN-NE-34

Shigo, A. L. 1966 Organisms interactions in decay and discoloration in beech, birch, and maple. Research Note NE-43. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 43 pages

Shigo, A. L. 1966 Decay and discoloration following logging wounds on northern hardwoods. Research Note NE-47. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 43 pages

Shigo, A. L. 1966 Decay and discoloration in northern hardwoods. A consideration of microorganisms and external signs.

Shigo, A. L. 1966 Organism interaction to decay and discoloration in beech, birch, and maple.

Shigo, A. L. 1966 Defects in birch associated with injuries made by Xyloterinus politus Say. Research Note NE-49. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 1-7 p. RN-NE-49

Shigo, A. L. 1967 Successions of Organisms in Discoloration and Decay of Wood International Review of FORESTRY RESEARCH vol 2 page237-page 299 1967

Shigo, A. L. Death And Decay of Trees Natural History; 78: 42-47 1969

Shigo, A. L. How Poria obliqua and Polyporus glomeratus Incite Cankers Phytopathology 59: 1164-1165; 1969

Shigo, A. L. 1971 Discoloration & decay in oak In: Oak Symposium Proceedings. 1971 August 16-20; U.S. Northeastern Forest Experiment

Shigo, A. L. The Beech Bark Disease Today In The Northeastern U.S. Journal of Forestry; 1972; 70, 286-289

Shigo, A. L. Relative Abilities of Phialophora melinii, Fomes connatus, and F. igniarius to Invade Freshly Wounded Tissues of Acer rubrum Phytopathology 64:708-710; 1974

Shigo, A. L. 1974 DETECTION OF DISCOLORATION AND DECAY IN LIVING TREES AND UTILITY POLES USDA Res. Paper NE-294. 11 p.

Shigo, A. L. A NEW LOOK AT DECAY IN TREES Northern Logger and Timber Processor; Oct 1974, pg 10-11;38-39

Shigo, A. L. Heartwood and Discolored Wood Northern Logger and Timber Processor; Aug 1975 pg 28-29

Shigo, A. L. Decay: A problem in young and old trees Amer. Nurseryman 144: 24-2 5.; 1976

Shigo, A. L. Communication of Knowledge and Needs Between Researcher and Arboriculturist Journal of Arboriculture 1976; Vol. 2 pg. 206-208

Shigo, A. L. June 1977 Communication of Knowledge and Needs Between Forest Researchers and Practicing Foresters. Northern Logger and Timber Processor; pg 11 and pg 38;

Shigo, A. L. 1979 Tree Decay: An expanded concept Agric. Bull. 419. 73p

Shigo, A. L. 1979 DECAY RESISTANT TREES Proc. of the 26rh Northeastern Tree Improvement Conf. 64-72.

Shigo, A. L. Targets For Proper Tree Care Journal of Arboriculture 9 (11): Nov. 1983 pg. 285 - 294

Shigo, A. L. The right treatments for troubled trees Amer. Forests; Feb. 1984; pg. 13-16

Shigo, A. L. 1984 Compartmentalization: A conceptual framework for understanding how trees grow and defend themselves. Ann. Rev. Phytopathology 22: 189-214; 1984

Shigo, A. L. JOURNEY to the CENTER of a TREE American Forest June 1986; 92; 18-22 , 46-47

Shigo, A. L. Insect and Disease Control; forest fertilization relations. Proc. For. Symposium. USDA Tech. Rept. NE-3. pg 117-121 ; 1973

Shigo, A. L. 1980 Trunk Decays http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/11670

Shigo, A. L. 1980 Pruning Central Hardwoods http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/11653

Shigo, A. L. Some New Ideas in Tree Care Journal of Arboriculture, Dec. 1975 1; 234-237

Shigo, A. L. Wounded Forest, Starving Trees Journal of Forestry 83: 668-673 (1985)

Shigo, A. L. and C. L. Wilson Discoloration Associated with Wounds One Year After Application of Wound Dressings Arborist News; 37: 121-124; 1972

Shigo, A. L. and C. L. Wilson Wound Dressings on Red Maple and American Elm: Effectiveness after five years Journal of Arboriculture May 1977; Vol. 3, No. 5 pg. 81-87

Shigo, A. L. and D. S. Solomon Discoloration and Decay Associated with Pruning Wounds on Yellow Birch Forest Science; Vol 22 number 4 1976 pg 391-392

Shigo, A. L. and E. M. Edward A method of Studying the relationship of Wounding and Microorganisms to the Discoloration Process in Living Trees. Can. J. For. Res., 4; 146-148; 1974

Shigo, A. L. and E. vH. Larson Anatomy Of A Wound; How City Trees React - How They Can Be Helped Weeds, Trees, and Turf - 1975, 14: 20-22

Shigo, A. L. and G. Yelenosky 1963 Fungus and insect injury to yellow birch seeds and seedlings Station Paper NE-11. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 13 p. RP-NE-011

Shigo, A. L. and H. Marx 1977 CODIT (Compartmentalization of decay in trees). Agric. Inf. Bull. 405; 73 p

Shigo, A. L. and L. O. Safford Effects of soil-applied potassium on cation distribution around wounds in red maple Can. J. FOR. RES. VOL. 8, 1978 (pg228-231)

Shigo, A. L. and R. Felix Rots and Rods Journal of Arboriculture 3 (10): Oct. 1997 pg. 187-190

Shigo, A. L. and S. Russell Discoloration and decay associated with paraformaldehyde - treated tapholes in sugar maple. Can. J. For. Res. Vol. 8, 1978; pg 54-60

Shigo, A. L. and W. C. Shortle NEW" IDEAS IN TREE CARE J. of Arboriculture; Jan 1977; Vol 3;no.1;pg1-5

Shigo, A. L. and W. E. Hillis Heartwood, discolored wood, and microorganisms in living trees Ann. Rev. Phytopathology 11: 197-222.;1973

Shigo, A. L. and Yelenosky NEMATODES INHABIT SOILS OF FOREST AND CLEAR-CUT AREAS. Forest Research Notes; No. 101 1960

Shigo, A. L. W. C. Shortle and J. Ochrymowych Detection of Active Decay at Groundline in Utility Poles Manual For. Ser. Gen. Tech. Rept. NE-35; 1977

Shigo, A. L., C. D. Anderson and H. L. Barnett Effects of Concentrations of Host Nutrients of Parasitism of Piptocephalis Xenophila and P. Virginiana. Phytopathology; 51: 616-620; 1961

Shigo, A. L., Cosenza, J. Benjamin, McCreary, Mathilda; Buck and D. John Bacteria Associated with Discolored and Decayed Tissues in Beech, Birch, and Maple Phytopathology 60: 1547 - 1551; 1970

Shigo, A. L., D. E. Smith, L. O. Safford and R. Blanchard Resistance to a Pulsed Electrical Current Reveal Differences Between Nonreleased, Released, and Released-Fertilized Paper Birch Trees Forest Science; Vol 22 number 4 1976 pg 471-472

Shigo, A. L., D. Schmitt and P. W. Garrett Decay Resistant Hardwoods? YOU BET! Northern Logger nd Timber Processor; Sep. 1978; 20-21; 30-31

Shigo, A. L., G. M. Filip, M. C. Hoyle and A. E. Rich Effect of Fertilizer Salt Accumulation and Low Relative Humidity on Development of Stem Lesions on Yellow Birch Seedlings. Plant Disease Reporter; June 1973; Vol. 57, No. 6; pg. 499

Shigo, A. L., J. Stankewich and B. J. Cosenza Clostridium sp. Associated with Discolored Tissues in Living Oaks Phytopatholgy 61: 122-123; 1971

Shigo, A. L., Leak and Felip Sugar-maple Borer Injury in Four Hardwood Stands in New Hampshire Can. J. For. Res., 3; 512-515; 1973

Shigo, A. L., R. H. Skutt and R. A. Lessard Detection of Discolored and Decayed Wood in Living Trees Using a Pulsed Electric Current. Can. J. For. Res. 2; 54-56 (1972)

Shigo, A. L., Shortle, Garrett and Peter COMPARTMENTALIZATION OF DISCOLORED AND DECAYED WOOD ASSOCIATED WITH INJECTION - TYPE WOUNDS IN HYBRID POPLAR Journal of Arboriculture June 1977; Vol. 3, No. 6 pg. 114-118

Shigo, A. L., T. A. Tattar and T. Chase Relationship Between the Degree of Resistance to a Pulsed Electric Current and Wood in Progressive Stages of Discoloration and Decay in Living Trees. Can. J. F. Res. 2; 236-243; 1972

Shigo, A. L., W. C. Shortle and P. W. Garrett Genetic Control Suggested in Compartmentalization of Discolored Wood Associated with Tree Wounds. Forest Science; Vol. 23; Num. 2 1977; Pg 179-182

Shigo, A. L., W. E. Money and D. I. Dodds Some Internal Effects of Mauget Tree Injections Journal of Arboriculture 3 (11): Nov. 1977 pg. 213-220

Shigo, A. L., W. W. Shortle and A. Berry Electrical Resistance in Tree Cambium Zone: Relationship to Rates of Growth and Wound Closure. Forest Science; Vol. 23; Num. 3 1977; Pg 326-329

Shigo, A. L.. and G. H. Hepting Difference in Decay Rate Folowing Fire Between Oaks in North Carolina and Maine Plant Disease Reporter; May 1972; Vol. 56, No. 5; pg. 406-407

Shigo, A. L.. and P. Berry A New Tool For Detecting Decay Associated with Fomes Annosus in Pinus Resinosa Plant Disease Reptr. 59 no 9: 739-742; 1975

Shigo, A. L.; Gregory, G. F.; Campana, R. J.; Dudzik, K. R.; Zimel, D. M. Patterns of starch reserves in healthy and diseased American elms Can. J. For. Res. Vol 16, 1986; 204-210

Shigo, A.L. 1958 Fungi isolated from oak wilt trees and their effects on Ceratocystis fagacearum. Mycologia 50: 757-769.

Shigo, A.L. Parasitism of Gonatobotryum Fuscum on Species of Ceratocystis. Mycologia, 52: 584-598; 1960

Shigo, A.L. Insect and Disease Control: Forest Fertilization Relations. UDSA Tech. rep. NE-3. 117-121; 1973

Shigo, A.L. BRANCHES J. Arboric. 6: 300-304.;1980

Shigo, A.L. TREE HEALTH J. Arboric. 8: 311-316.; 1982

Shigo, A.L. Tree decay in our urban forests: What can be done about it? Plant Disease 66: 763-768.;1982.

Shigo, A.L. Tree Defects: A Photo Guide US Forest Service General Tech. Report NE-82; 1983; 167 pages

Shigo, A.L. Wood problem start in the living tree. Forest Notes; No. 158 Fall 1984; 20-22

Shigo, A.L. Stress and death of trees. UDSA For. Ser. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-99: 31-38; Society of American Foresters Region VI Tech. Confer. 1984

Shigo, A.L. Compartmentalization of Decay in Trees Scientific American 252 (4); pg 96-103 1985

Shigo, A.L. How tree branches are attached to trunks Can. J. Bot. 63: 1391 - 1401

Shigo, A.L. 1984. How to Assess the Defect Status of a Stand Northern Journal of Applied Forestry; 1(3): 411-49

Shigo, A.L. and Ed vH Larson A Photo Guide to the patterns of Discoloration and Decay in living northern hardwood trees. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap.NE 127. NE For. Expt. Sn. 100p; 1969

Shigo, A.L. and Walter C. Shortle 1985 Shigometry - A Reference Guide USDA, For. Serv. Agric. Handbook No. 646, 48p

Shigo, A.L.; Dorn, D.; Lee, H. C. Selections of maple and birch trees with high resistance to spread of decay associated with wounds. Proc. of NE Forest Tree Improvement Conf. July 7-9, 1983. Un. of New Hampshire.; pg 110-117

Shigo, A.L.; Robert, F. CABLING AND BRACING J. Arboric. 6: 5-9.;1980

Shigo, A.L.and E. M. Sharon Discoloration and decay in hardwoods following inoculations with Hymenomycetes Phytopathology 58: 1493-1498.(1968)

Shigo, Alex L.; Laing, Frederick M. 1970 Some effects of paraformaldehyde on wood surrounding tapholes in sugar maple trees Res. Pap. NE-161. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 11 p.

Shigo, Alex L.; McGinnes, E. Allen, David T.; Rogers, Nelson Internal defects associated with pruned and nonpruned branch stubs in black walnut Res. Pap. NE-440. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 27p. RP-NE-440

Shigo, Alex L.; Tippett, Joanna T. 1981 Compartmentalization of decayed wood associated with Armillaria mellea in several tree species Res. Pap. NE-488. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 20p. RP-NE-488

Shigo; A. L.; Shortle, Walter, Walter C. Compartmentalization of Discolored Wood in Heartwood of Red Oak Phytopathology; Vol 69, No 7, 1979; pg 710-711

Shortle, W. BIOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS OF DISCOLOURATION, DECAY, AND COMPARTMENTALISATION OF DECAY IN TREES IAWA Bulletin n.s. , Vol. 5 (2), 1984

Shortle, W. Compartmentalization of Decay in Red Maple and Hybrid Poplar Trees Phytopathology 69: 410-413; 1979

Shortle, W. Detection of Decay in Trees J. Arbor. 5: 226-232; 1979

Shortle, W.C.; Hill, J.L. Ionized Oak Heartwood Associated with Checking During Kiln Drying Holzforschung 41 (1987) 133-136

Shortle, Walter, C. Mechanisms of Compartmentalization of Decay in Living Trees. Phytopathology: Vol.69, No. 10, 1979

Sinclair, W. A. ; Zahand, J. P.; Melching, J. B. Localization of Infection in American Elms Resistant to Ceratocystis ulmi Phytopathology: Vol.65: 129-133; 1975

Sinclair, W. A.; Smith, K. L.; Larsen, A. O. Verticillium Wilt of Maples: Symptoms Related to Movement of the Pathogen in Stems Phytopathology: Vol.71, 340-345; 1980

Sinn, G. and Wessolly A contribution to the proper assessment of the strength and stability of trees. Arboricultural Journal 13: 45-65; 1989

Skutt, H. Richard; Shigo, Alex L.; Lessard, Ronald A. Some changes in red maple. Acer rubrum tissues within 34 days after wounding in July. Can. J. Bot. 50: 1783·1784.

Smalley, E.B. Seasonal Fluctuations in Susceptibility of Young Elm Seedlings to Dutch Elm Disease Phytopathology: Vol.53, 846-853; 1963

Smith, K.T.; Blanchard, R. O.; Shortle, W.C. Cambial electrical resistance related to the number of vascular cambial cells in balsam fir. Can. J. For. Res. 14: 950 - 952; 1984

Ted Williams May, 1991 Don't Worry Plant A Tree Audubon, pg 24-33

Thomas O. Perry The Ecology Of Tree Roots And The Practical Significance Thereof; Journal of Arboriculture 8: 197-211 August 1982

Thomas O. Perry Tree Roots: Facts and Fallacies Arnoldia 49: 3-21 1989

Thompson, R. G.; Piene, H.; McIsaac, J.E.; Fenson, D.S. Electrical resistance measurements on young balsam fir trees in relation to specific volume increment, foliar biomass, and ion content of bark and wood. Can. J. or. Res. 14: 177-180; 1983

Tippett, Joanna T.; Shigo, Alex L. Barrier zone anatomy in red pine roots invaded by Heterobasidion annosum Can. J. For. Res. Vol. 10, 1980; 224-232

Trappe, J.M. Selection of Fungi for Ectomycorrhizal Inoculation in Nurseries. Ann. Rev. Phytopath. 1977, 15:203-22

Walters, Russell S. Sugarbush Management US. Dept. Agric. Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Report NE-72: 25-37; 1982

Walters, Russell S.; Shigo, Alex L. 1978 Tapholes in sugar maples: What happens in the tree. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-47. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, Broomall, PA. 12 p.

Walters, Russell S.; Yawney, Harry W. Sugar Maple Tapholes US. Dept. Agric. Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Report NE-72: 8-15; 1982

Wargo, Philip M. Defoliation-Induced Chemical Changes in Sugar Maple Roots Stimulate Growth of Armillaria mellea. Phytopathology: Vol.62, 1278-1283, 1972

Wargo, Philip M. Starch storage and radial growth in woody roots of sugar maple Can. J. For. Res. 9: 49-56; 1978

Wilson, Charles; Miller, Stephen S.; Otto, Brian E.; Eldridge, B. Joe Pruning Technique Affects Dieback and Cytospora Infection in Peach Trees HortScience Vol. 19(2), April 1984; pg 251-253

Worrall, J. J.; Parmeter, J.R. Parmeter Inhibition of Wood - Decay Fungi by Wetwood of White Fir Phytopathology: Vol.73, 1983; 1140-1145

Zwet; Zoller; Thompson, Sherman Controlling Fire Blight of Pear and Apple by Accurate Prediction of Blossom Blight Phase. PLant Disease / Vol 72 No 6; pg. 464-472; 1988