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Ferns and club mosses

LYCOPODIACEAE: Club-Moss Family

Lycopodium lucidulum............. Shining club-moss
Lycopodium clavatum.............. Running club-moss
Lycopodium obscurum............. Ground-pine
Lycopodium complanatum........ Ground-cedar

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE: Adder's Tongue Family

Botrychium dissectum................ Cutleaf grape-fern
Botrychium matricariaefolium.... Matricary grape-fern
Ophioglossum vulgatum *........... Adder's tongue

OSMUNDACEAE: Flowering Fern Family

Osmunda Claytoniana................. Interrupted fern
Osmunda cinnamomea................ Cinnamon-fern

POLYPODIACEAE: Fern Family

Woodsia obtusa........................... Common woodsia
Pteretis pensylvanica *................ Ostrich-fern
Onoclea sensibilis......................... Sensitive fern
Dryopteris Thelypteris.................. Marsh-fern
Dryopteris noveboracensis........... New York fern
Dryopteris disjuncta..................... Oak-fern
Dryopteris phegopteris.................. Long beech-fern
Dryopteris spinulosa..................... Spinulose wood-fern
Dryopteris cristata........................ Crested wood-fern
Dryopteris marginalis................... Marginal shield-fern
Polystichum acrostichoides.......... Christmas fern
Dennstaedtia punctilobula............ Hay-scented fern
Athyrium thelypterioides.............. Silvery spleenwort
Athyrium Filix-femina.................. Lady-fern
Asplenium platyneuron................. Ebony-spleenwort
Adiantum pedatum........................ Maidenhair-fern
Pteridium aquilinum *................... Bracken
Polypodium virginianum............... Rock-polypody

Softwood trees

PINACEAE: Pine Family

Tsuga canadensis......................... Eastern hemlock
Pinus strobus................................ Eastern white pine

Grasses, sedges, and lillies

GRAMINAE: Grass Family

Brachyelytrum erectum............... Bearded shorth usk

CYPERACEAE: Sedge Family

Scirpus sp..................................... Bulrush
Carex folliculata........................... Sedge

*Found only in second-growth forest.

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ARACEAE: Arum Family

Arisaema atrorubens.................. Jack-in-the-pulpit
Arisaema triphyllum.................. Small jack-in-the-pulpit

LILIACEAE: Lily Family

Veratrum viride.......................... White hellebore
Uvularia sessilifolia..................... Wild-oats
Allium tricoccum........................ Wild leek
Lilium superbum......................... Turk's-cap lily
Clintonia borealis........................ Bluebead lily
Smilacina racemosa.................... False Solomon's seal
Maianthemum canadense.............False lily-of-the-valley
Streptopus roseus......................... Rosy twisted-stalk
Polygonatum biflorum................. Small Solomon's seal
Polygonatum canaliculatum........ Great Solomon's seal
Medeola virginiana...................... Indian cucumber-root
Trillium erectum.......................... Purple trillium
Trillium grandiflorum.................. Large-flowered trillium
Trillium undulatum..................... Painted trillium

IRIDACEAE: Iris Family

Sisyrinchium angustifolium......... Blue-eyed grass

ORCHIDACEAE: Orchis Family

Cypripedium acaule..................... Pink ladyslipper
Habenaria orbiculata.................... Round-leaved orchis
Habenaria psycodes..................... Small purple fringed orchis
Corallorrhiza maculata................ Spotted coral-root

Hardwood trees, woody shrubs, and herbs

SALICACEAE: Willow Family

Salix alba..................................... White willow
Salix discolor................................ Pussy willow
Populus tremuloides.................... Quaking aspen
Populus grandidentata................. Bigtooth aspen

JUGLANDACEAE: Walnut Family

Carya cordiformis*..................... Bitternut hickory

BETULACEAE: Birch Family

Ostrya virginiana......................... Eastern hophornbeam
Caryinus caroliniana................... American hornbeam
Betula lenta................................. Sweet birch
Betula alleghaniensis.................. Yellow birch

FAGACEAE:  Beech Family

Fagus grandifolia......................... American beech
Castanea dentata......................... American Chestnut
Quercus rubra*............................ Northern red oak

*Found only in second-growth forest.

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ULMACEAE: Elm Family

Ulmus rubra *.............................. Slippery elm
Ulmus americana........................ American elm

URTICACEAE: Nettle Family

Urtica sp..................................... Nettle

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE: Birthwort Family

Asarum canadense....................... Wild ginger

POLYGONACEAE: Buckwheat Family

Rumex crispus *............................ Yellow dock
Rumex acetosella.......................... Sheep-sorrel
Polygonum persicaria.................... Lady's-thumb
Polygonum arifolium..................... Halberd-leaved tear-thumb

PHYTOLACCACEAE: Pokeweed Family

Phytolacca americana................... Pokeweed

CARYOPHYLLACEAE: Pink Family

Lychnis alba*................................ White campion 

RANUNCULACEAE: Crowfoot Family

Ranunculus acris........................... Common buttercup
Clematis virginiana*..................... Virgin's bower
Coptis groenlandica...................... Goldthread
Actea pachypoda.......................... White baneberry

BERBERIDACEAE: Barberry Family

Caulophyllum thalictroides............ Blue cohosh

MAGNOLIACEAE

Magnolia acuminata...................... Cucumbertree
Liriodendron tulipifera................... Yellow-poplar

CRUCIFERAE: Mustard Family

Dentaria diphylla............................ Crinkleroot toothwort
Cardamine pensylvanica................. Pennsylvania bittercress

SAXIFRAGACEAE: Saxifrage Family

Tiarella cordifolia........................... False miterwort
Mitella diphylla.............................. Common miterwort
Chrysosplenium americanum......... Golden saxifrage
Ribes cynosbati.............................. Prickly gooseberry
Ribes glandulosum......................... Skunk-currant 

HAMAMELIDACEAE: Witch-hazel Family

Hamamelis virginiana..................... Witch-hazel

*Found only in second-growth forest.

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ROSACEAE: Rose Family

Sorbus americana........................ American mountain-ash
Amelanchier arborea................... Downy serviceberry
Fragaria virginiana ....................... Strawberry
Waldsteinia fragarioides .............. Barren strawberry
Potentilla canadensis.................... Oldfield cinquefoil
Rubus odoratus............................. Purple-flowering raspberry
Rubus idaeus................................. Red raspberry
Rubus allegheniensis..................... Common blackberry
Dalibarda repens........................... Dewdrop
Agrimonia gryposepala................. Tall hairy agrimony
Prunus pensylvanica..................... Pin cherry
Prunus serotina............................. Black cherry
Prunus virginiana *...................... Common chokecherry

LEGUMINOSAE: Pulse Family

Robinia pseudoacacia *................ Black locust

OXALIDACEAE: Wood-Sorrel Family

Oxalis montana............................. Common wood-sorrel

ANACARDIACEAE: Cashew Family

Rhus typhina *.............................. Staghorn sumac
Rhus copallina *............................ Shining sumac
Rhus radicans................................ Poison ivy

AQUIFOLIACEAE: Holly Family

Ilex montana................................. Mountain winterberry

ACERACEAE: Maple Family

Acer spicatum..............................  Mountain maple
Acer pensylvanicum...................... Striped maple
Acer saccharum............................. Sugar maple
Acer nigrum................................... Black maple
Acer rubrum................................. Red maple 

BALSAMINACEAE: Touch-Me-Not Family

Impatiens capensis......................... Spotted touch-me-not

VITACEAE: Vine Family

Parthenocissus quinquefolia *....... Virginia creeper

TILIACEAE: Linden Family

Tilia americana............................... American basswood

GUTTIFERAE: St. John's-wort Family

Hypericum perforatum.................. Common St. John's-wort

*Found only in second-growth forest.

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VIOLACEAE: Violet Family

Viola sororia.................................. Wooly blue violet
Viola rotundifolia.......................... Early yellow violet

ONAGRACEAE: Evening-Primrose Family

Epilobium angustifolium............... Fireweed
Oenothera pilosella........................ Meadow sundrops
Circaea alpina................................ Enchanter's nightshade

ARALIACEAE: Ginseng Family

Aralia spinosa *.............................. Devils-walkingstick
Aralia nudicaulis............................. Wild sarsaparilla

UMBELLIFERAE: Parsley Family

Osmorhiza Claytoni......................... Sweet cicely

CORNACEAE: Dogwood Family

Cornus alternifolia........................... Alternate-leaf dogwood

PYROLACAE: Wintergreen Family

Pyrola elliptica................................. Shin leaf
Pyrola rotundifolia.......................... Wild lily-of-the-valley
Monotropa unifloria........................ Indian-pipe

ERICACEAE: Heath Family

Rhododendron maximum............... Rhododendron
Kalmia latifolia................................ Mountain-laurel
Epigaea repens................................ Trailing arbutus
Gaultheria procumbens................... Teaberry

PRIMULACEAE: Primrose Family

Lysimachia quadrifolia................... Whorled loosestrife
Trientalis borealis............................ Star-flower

OLEACEAE: Olive Family

Fraxinus americana......................... White ash

GENTIANACEAE: Gentian Family

Gentiana Andrewsii......................... Closed gentian

ASCLEPIADACEAE: Milkweed Family

Asclepias syriaca *.......................... Common milkweed

HYDROPHYLLACEAE: Water leaf Family

Hydrophyllum virginianum.............. Virginia waterleaf

BORAGINACEAE: Borage Family

Myosotis scorpioides........................ True forget-me-not

*Found only in second-growth forest.

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VERBEN ACEAE: Vervain Family

Verbena hastata.............................. Blue vervain

LABIATAE: Mint Family

Scutellaria lateriflora....................... Mad-dog skullcap
Prunella vulgaris *........................... Heal-all
Monarda didyma *.......................... Oswego tea

SCROPHULARIACEAE: Figwort Family

Mimulus ringens.............................. Allegany monkey-flower
Veronica officinalis........................ Common speedwell
Pedicularis canadensis..................... Wood-betony

OROBANCHACEAE: Broom-rape Family

Epifagus virginiana.......................... Virginia beech-drops

RUBIACEAE: Madder Family

Galium Aparine................................ Catchweed bedstraw
Galium asprellum.............................. Rough bedstraw
Mitchella repens............................... Partridge-berry

CAPRIFOLIACEAE: Honeysuckle Family

Diervilla lonicera.............................. Bush-honeysuckle
Lonicera canadensis........................ Fly-honeysuckle
Viburnum alnifolium........................ Hobblebush
Viburnum cassinoides..................... Wild-raisin
Viburnum recognitum....................... Arrow-wood
Viburnum acerifolium...................... Maple-leaved viburnum
Sambucus canadensis....................... Common elder
Sambucus pubens............................. Red-berried elder

COMPOSITAE: Composite Family

Solidago rugosa................................ Goldenrod
Bellis perennis.................................. English daisy
Aster divaricatus.............................. White wood aster
Aster cordifolius............................... Heartleaf aster
Aster acuminatus...................,......... Acuminate aster
Erigeron strigosus............................ Fleabane
Rudbeckia laciniata......................... Cutleaf coneflower
Prenanthes trifoliolata..................... Rattlesnake root

Birds

ARDEIDAE: Herons and Bitterns

Ardea herodias................................ Great blue heron

*Found only in second-growth forest.

Page 19

BUTEONINAE: Buzzard Hawks

Buteojamaicensis.......................... Red-tailed hawk
Buteo lineatus............................... Red-shouldered hawk

TETRAONIDAE: Grouse

Bonasa umbellus............................ Ruffed grouse

SCOLOP ACIDAE: Woodcock, Snipe, Sandpipers

Philohela minor.............................. Woodcock

COLUMBIDAE: Pigeons and Doves

Zenaidura macroura *.................... Mourning dove

CUCULIDAE: Cuckoos

Coccyzus americanus......................Yellow-billed cuckoo

STRIGIDAE: Horned Owls, Hoot Owls

Bubo virginianus............................. Great horned owl
Strix varia....................................... Barred owl
Aegolius acadica............................ Saw-whet owl

APODillAE: Swifts

Chaetura peiagica........................... Chimney swift

TROCHILIDAE: Humming birds

Archilochus colubris..................... Ruby-throated hummingbird

ALCEDINIDAE: Kingfishers

Megaceryle alcyon........................ Belted kingfisher

PICIDAE: Woodpecker

Colaptes auratus *......................... Flicker
Hylatomus pileatus........................ Pileated woodpecker
Sphyrapicus varius........................ Yellow-bellied sapsucker
Dendrocopus villosus.................... Hairy woodpecker
Dendrocopus pubescens................ Downy woodpecker

TYRANNIDAE: Flycatchers

Sayornis phoebe *......................... Eastern phoebe
Empidonax trailii.......................... Alder flycatcher
Empidonax minimus..................... Least flycatcher
Contopus virens............................ Wood peewee
Nuttallornis borealis...................... Olive-sided flycatcher

CORVIDAE: Crows, Jays

Cyanocitta cristata......................... Blue jay
Corvus brachyrhynchos................. Crow

*Found only in second-growth forest.

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PARIDAE: Titmice

Parus atricapillus............................. Black-capped chickadee

SITTIDAE: Nuthatches

Sitta carolinensis............................. White-breasted nuthatch

Sitta canadensis............................... Red-breasted nuthatch

CERTHIIDAE: Creepers

Certhiafamiliaris.............................. Brown creeper

TROGLODYTIDAE: Wrens

Troglodytes aedon *........................ House wren
Troglodytes troglodytes................... Winter wren

MIMIDAE: Thrashers, Mockingbirds

Dumetella carolinensis *................. Catbird
Toxostoma rufum *......................... Brown thrasher

TURDIDAE: Thrushes, Bluebirds

Turdus migratorius *........................ Robin
Hylocichla mustelina....................... Wood thrush
Hylocichla guttata *........................ Hermit thrush
Hylocichla ustulata ..........................Olive-backed thrush
Sialia sialis *..................................... Bluebird

BOMBYCILLIDAE: Waxwings

Bombycilla cedrorum...................... Cedar waxwing

STURNIDAE: Starlings

Sturnus vulgaris *............................ Starling

VIREONIDAE: Vireos

Vireo solitarius................................ Blue-headed vireo
Vireo olivaceus............................... Red-eyed vireo

PARULIDAE: Wood Warblers

Mniotilta varia............................... Black and white warbler
Parula americana........................... Parula warbler
Dendroica magnolia....................... Magnolia warbler
Dendroica caerulescens................. Black-throated blue warbler
Dendroica virens........................... Black-throated green warbler
Dendroica fusca............................. Blackburnian warbler
Dendroica pensylvanica................ Chestnut-sided warbler
Seiurus aurocapillus....................... Oven-bird
Geothlypis trichas *....................... Yellow-throat
Wilsonia citrina.............................. Hooded warbler
Wilsonia canadensis....................... Canada warbler
Setophaga ruticilla *....................... American redstart

*Found only in second-growth forest.

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THRAUPIDAE: Tanagers

Piranga olivacea........................ Scarlet tanager

FRINGILLIDAE: Grosbeaks, Finches, Sparrows, Buntings

Richmondena cardinalis *...........Cardinal
Pheucticus ludovicianus............. Rose-breasted grosbeak
Passerina cyanea *..................... Indigo bunting
Carpodacus purpureus *............. Purple finch
Spinus tristus *........................... Goldfinch
Pipilo erythrophthalmus *.......... Towhee
Junco hyemalis............................ Slate-colored junco
Melospiza melodia *.................... Song Sparrow

Mammals

DIDELPHIDAE: Opossums

Didelphis marsupialis................. Opossum

SORICIDAE: Shrews

Sorexfumeus.............................. Smoky shrew
Blarina brevicauda..................... Short-tailed shrew

VESPERTILIONIDAE: Bats

Myotis keenii............................. Keen's myotis

URSIDAE: Bears

Euaretos americanus................. Black bear

PROCYONIDAE: Raccoons

Procyon lotor............................ Raccoon

MUSTELIDAE: Weasels, Minks, Skunks

Mustelafrenata.......................... Long-tailed weasel
Mustela vison............................ Mink
Mephitis mephitis..................... Striped skunk

CANIDAE: Wolves, Foxes

Vulpes fulva.............................. Red fox
Urocyon cinereoargenteus........ Gray fox 

FELIDAE: Cats

Lynx rufus................................. Bobcat

SCIURIDAE: Squirrels

Marmotamonax........................ Woodchuck
Tamius striatus.......................... Eastern chipmunk
Sciuris carolinensis.................... Gray squirrel
Tamiasciurus hudsonicus........... Red squirrel
Glaucomys volans...................... Southern flying squirrel

*Found only in second-growth forest.

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CASTORIDAE: Beavers

Caster canadensis................... Beaver

CRICETIDAE: Native Rats and Mice

Peromyscus maniculatus........ Deer mouse
Peromyscus leucopus............. White-footed mouse
Clethrionomys gappari........... Gapper's red-backed mouse
Microtus pennsylvanicus........ Meadow vole
Ondatra zibethicus.................. Muskrat 

ZAPODIDAE: Jumping Mice

Napaeozapus insignis.............. Woodland jumping mouse

ERETHIZONTIDAE: New World Porcupines

Erethizon dorsatum................. Porcupine

LEPORIDAE: Rabbits and Hares

Lepus americanus................... Snowshoe hare
Sylvilagus floridanus............... Eastern cotton tail

CERVIDAE: Deer

Odocoileus virginianus............ White-tailed deer

Reptiles and amphibians

COLUBRIDAE: Colubrids

Storeria occipitomaculata.............. Red-bellied snake
Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis............ Eastern garter snake
Opheodrys vernalis....................... Smooth green snake
Lampropeltis doliata triangulum....Eastern milk snake

SALAMANDRIDAE: Newts

Diemictylus viridescens.............. Newt

PLETHODONTIDAE: Lungless Salamanders
Desmoganthus fuscus................. Dusky salamander
Desmoganthus ochrophaeus....... Mountain salamander
Plethodon cinereus..................... Red-backed salamander
Plethodon glutinosus.................. Slimy Salamander
Gyrinophilus porphyriticus......... Spring salamander
Eurycea bislineata...................... Two-lined salamander

BUFONIDAE: Toads

Bufo americanus........................ American toad

HYLIDAE: Tree Frogs

Hyla crucifer............................. Spring peeper

RANIDAE: True Frogs

Rana clamitans melanota......... Green frog
Rana pipiens............................. Leopard frog
Rana palustris........................... Pickerel frog
Rana sylvatica ..........................Wood frog

*Found only in second-growth forest.

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