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Sap Flow - When correct pruning cuts are made during late winter or early spring on some tree species-maples, birches-sap will flow from the wounds. This is a normal wound response in these species. The sap will flow for a few days to a few weeks and then stop. Studies showed no injury as a result of the sap flow. If the flow is considered unsightly, or if there is concern because of the sap flow, pruning can be done immediately after the leaves have expanded fully. Do not confuse the flow of sap, which is normal, with the flow of wetwood fluids that are associated with infections by bacteria. Also do not confuse with resins produced by some conifers. (For more see diagrams and discussion on wetwood in MODERN ARBORICULTURE.)